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教育专业论文翻译片段
What forces are driving this rapid expansion
of higher education enrollments? Both deliberate
governmental policies and private demand
for higher education opportunities have
had an impact. First, in recent years the
government has implemented a national policy
to "invigorate the country by science
and education." Education is considered
critical to national economic success, given
the need for well-educated manpower-especially
highly specialized personnel.
Second, about three years ago when the
growth of the Chinese economy began to slow
while the savings rate remained very high,
the government deliberately focused on higher
education expansion as one way to increase
both public and private spending and thus
stimulate the economy. It was argued that
enrolling more students would require building
more classroom buildings, laboratories,
libraries, dining halls, and dormitories,
as well as requiring the hiring of more
faculty members, staff, and campus workers.
Indeed, while many Chinese families are
reluctant to spend their savings on expensive
consumer goods, they are very willing to
pay the costs for their children's education.
Third, recent studies on the Chinese labor
market showed the rate of return of higher
education in China for the younger generation
is much higher than it was for the previous
generation. The income of college graduates
is substantially higher than that of those
without higher education qualifications.
Since the government-controlled job assignment
system is being gradually replaced by labor
market forces, the perceived benefits of
a higher rate of return has further stimulated
individual demand for higher education opportunities.
Fourth, the rapid expansion of enrollments
is also related to achievements in primary
and secondary education. By 1999, enrollment
in primary education exceeded 99 percent,
while the rates for junior high school and
senior high school exceeded 88 percent and
41 percent, respectively. A large proportion
of students who complete primary and secondary
school wish to continue on for a college
degree. This increase in the number of qualified
students provided the basis for higher education
expansion and created social and political
pressures on the government for that expansion.
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